Endometriosis Explained: Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment Options
What is Endometriosis?
Endometriosis is a painful and often misunderstood condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus (endometrium) grows outside the uterus. It can affect ovaries, fallopian tubes, the outer surface of the uterus, and other organs in the pelvis.
How Common is It?
An estimated 1 in 10 women of reproductive age are affected by endometriosis globally. Many remain undiagnosed for years due to the subtle and varied symptoms.
Who is Most at Risk?
Women in their 20s to 40s, especially those with a family history of endometriosis, long menstrual cycles, or heavy bleeding, are more likely to be diagnosed.
Causes and Risk Factors
Genetic Predisposition
If your mother or sister had endometriosis, your risk is significantly higher. Genetics often plays a silent role.
Hormonal Influences
Estrogen fuels the growth of endometrial tissue. Higher levels of estrogen may exacerbate the condition.
Menstrual Backflow Theory
Retrograde menstruation is believed to be a contributing factor, where menstrual blood flows backward into the pelvic cavity instead of exiting the body.
Recognising the Symptoms
Painful Periods (Dysmenorrhea)
Cramping that worsens over time or is unmanageable with typical pain relievers is a red flag.
Chronic Pelvic Pain
Constant dull or sharp pelvic pain that isn’t linked to your period could indicate endometriosis.
Pain During Intercourse
Pain during or after sex, especially deep penetration, is a commonly reported symptom.
Infertility and Reproductive Issues
Endometriosis is a leading cause of infertility, affecting egg quality, fallopian tubes, and implantation.
Digestive and Urinary Symptoms
Bloating, constipation, painful urination, or bowel movements during menstruation may mimic IBS or UTI symptoms but could be due to endometriosis
How Endometriosis is Diagnosed
Initial Medical History & Physical Exam
Your doctor will begin by asking about your symptoms, family history, and performing a pelvic exam.
Imaging Tests – Ultrasound & MRI
While not definitive, these tests can help detect cysts or signs suggestive of endometriosis.
Laparoscopy – The Gold Standard
A minor surgical procedure using a camera to view internal organs. It’s the only way to confirm endometriosis and assess its severity.
Stages of Endometriosis
Stage I – Minimal
Few small implants with no significant scarring.
Stage II – Mild
More implants, possibly deeper. Some scar tissue.
Stage III – Moderate
Many deep implants, cysts on ovaries, and significant adhesions.
Stage IV – Severe
Widespread disease with large cysts, extensive scar tissue, and affected organs.
Treatment Options for Endometriosis
1.Lifestyle and Home Remedies
- Regular exercise
- Heating pads
- Anti-inflammatory diet
- Stress management
2.Pain Medication
NSAIDs like ibuprofen can help manage mild symptoms, though not a long-term fix.
3.Hormonal Therapy
Birth Control Pills
Prevent ovulation and reduce hormone fluctuation, easing symptoms.
Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone (GnRH) Agonists
These medications induce a temporary menopause to halt progression.
Progestin Therapy
Helps suppress the growth of endometrial tissue.
4.Surgical Options
Conservative Surgery
Laparoscopic removal of lesions, preserving reproductive organs.
Hysterectomy
Reserved for extreme cases not responding to other treatments.
Fertility Treatment for Endometriosis
Options include IVF, ovulation induction, and laparoscopic surgery to improve fertility outcomes.
Endometriosis and Mental Health
Emotional Toll of Chronic Pain
The condition can lead to anxiety, depression, and feelings of helplessness.
Coping Strategies
• Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
• Support groups
• Talking openly with your gynaecologist
Living with Endometriosis
Diet and Nutrition Tips
• Avoid processed food and sugar
• Embrace anti-inflammatory foods like turmeric, leafy greens, and fatty fish
Yoga and Physical Activity
Gentle exercises like yoga and stretching help reduce pelvic pain and stress.
Support Groups and Community
Being part of a community where others share your struggle can be incredibly validating and healing.
Endometriosis During Pregnancy
Can You Get Pregnant?
Yes, many women with endometriosis go on to have healthy pregnancies, though some may need fertility support.
Managing Symptoms During Pregnancy
Symptoms may ease during pregnancy due to hormonal changes, but it’s crucial to stay in regular touch with your OB-GYN.
When to See a Doctor
If you experience chronic pelvic pain, severe cramps, or unexplained fertility issues, don’t ignore it. Early diagnosis can make all the difference.
How Dr. Aruna Kalra Can Help
Expertise in Minimally Invasive Surgery
With advanced training in robotic and laparoscopic surgery, Dr. Aruna is highly skilled in removing endometrial lesions while preserving fertility.
Patient-Centric and Holistic Approach
Her compassionate care, emphasis on prenatal yoga, and lifestyle-based treatment make her a trusted name among patients.
Proven Success in Managing Complex Gynaecological Cases
With over 25 years of experience, Dr. Aruna Kalra has transformed the lives of thousands of women, making her one of the best gynaecologists in Gurgaon.
Conclusion
Endometriosis might be a long journey, but it doesn’t have to be a lonely one. With proper diagnosis, expert guidance, and lifestyle changes, managing it is absolutely possible. Whether you’re looking for pain relief, fertility help, or surgical options, having the right doctor by your side—like Dr. Aruna Kalra—can make all the difference.
FAQs
1. Can endometriosis go away after menopause?
Yes, symptoms often improve or resolve after menopause due to decreased estrogen levels.
2. Is endometriosis a lifelong condition?
While it may persist for years, symptoms can be managed effectively with treatment and lifestyle changes.
3. What foods should you avoid with endometriosis?
Limit red meat, processed foods, caffeine, and dairy to reduce inflammation.
4. How is endometriosis different from PCOS?
PCOS affects hormone levels and ovulation, while endometriosis involves tissue growth outside the uterus. Both can cause infertility but are distinct conditions.
5. Can you live a normal life with endometriosis?
Yes! With proper treatment, support, and self-care, many women lead full, active lives.
